概述
Selenium是一款免费的分布式的自动化测试工具，支持多种开发语言，无论是C、 java、ruby、python、或是C# ，你都可以通过selenium完成自动化测试。本文以一个简单的小例子，简述C# 利用Selenium进行浏览器的模拟操作，仅供学习分享使用，如有不足之处，还请指正。
涉及知识点
要实现本例的功能，除了要掌握Html ，JavaScript，CSS等基础知识，还涉及以下知识点：
Selenium安装
本例开发工具为VS2019，通过NuGet进行需要的软件包的安装与管理，如下所示：
示例效果图
本例采用Chrome浏览器，用于监控某一个网站并获取相应内容，如下所示：
Selenium示例介绍
定义一个webDriver，如下所示：
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//谷歌浏览器
ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
this.driver = new ChromeDriver(options);
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通过ID获取元素并填充内容和触发事件，如下所示：
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this.driver.FindElement(By.Id("email")).SendKeys(username);
this.driver.FindElement(By.Id("password")).SendKeys(password);
//# 7. 点击登录按钮
this.driver.FindElement(By.Id("sign-in")).Click();
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通过XPath获取元素，如下所示：
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string xpath1 = "//div[@class=\"product-list\"]/div[@class=\"product\"]/div[@class=\"price-and-detail\"]/div[@class=\"price\"]/span[@class=\"noStock\"]";
string txt = this.driver.FindElement(By.XPath(xpath1)).Text;
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核心代码
主要的核心代码，就是浏览器的元素定位查找和事件触发，如下所示：
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using OpenQA.Selenium;
using OpenQA.Selenium.IE;
using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace AiSmoking.Core
{
public class Smoking
{
/// <summary>
/// 是否正在运行
/// </summary>
private bool running = false;
/// <summary>
/// 驱动
/// </summary>
private IWebDriver driver = null;
/// <summary>
/// # 无货
/// </summary>
private string no_stock = "Currently Out of Stock";
/// <summary>
/// # 线程等待秒数
/// </summary>
private int wait_sec = 2;
private Dictionary<string, string> cfg_info;
private string work_path = string.Empty;
/// <summary>
/// 构造函数
/// </summary>
public Smoking()
{
}
/// <summary>
/// 带参构造函数
/// </summary>
/// <param name="cfg_info"></param>
/// <param name="work_path"></param>
public Smoking(Dictionary<string, string> cfg_info,string work_path)
{
this.cfg_info = cfg_info;
this.work_path = work_path;
this.wait_sec = int.Parse(cfg_info["wait_sec"]);
//# 如果小于2，则等于2
this.wait_sec = (this.wait_sec < 2 ? 2 : this.wait_sec);
this.wait_sec = this.wait_sec * 1000;
}
/// <summary>
/// 开始跑
/// </summary>
public void startRun()
{
//"""运行起来"""
try
{
this.running = true;
string url = this.cfg_info["url"];
string username = this.cfg_info["username"];
string password = this.cfg_info["password"];
string item_id = this.cfg_info["item_id"];
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(url) || string.IsNullOrEmpty(username) || string.IsNullOrEmpty(password) || string.IsNullOrEmpty(item_id))
{
LogHelper.put("配置信息不全，请检查config.cfg文件是否为空，然后再重启");
return;
}
if (this.driver == null)
{
string explorer = this.cfg_info["explorer"];
if (explorer == "Chrome")
{
//谷歌浏览器
ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
this.driver = new ChromeDriver(options);
}
else
{
//默认IE
var options = new InternetExplorerOptions();
//options.AddAdditionalCapability.('encoding=UTF-8')
//options.add_argument('Accept= text / css, * / *')
//options.add_argument('Accept - Language= zh - Hans - CN, zh - Hans;q = 0.5')
//options.add_argument('Accept - Encoding= gzip, deflate')
//options.add_argument('user-agent=Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko')
//# 2. 定义浏览器驱动对象
this.driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options);
}
}
this.run(url, username, password, item_id);
}
catch (Exception e)
{
LogHelper.put("运行过程中出错，请重新打开再试"+e.StackTrace);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 运行
/// </summary>
/// <param name="url"></param>
/// <param name="username"></param>
/// <param name="password"></param>
/// <param name="item_id"></param>
private void run(string url, string username, string password, string item_id)
{
//"""运行起来"""
//# 3. 访问网站
this.driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(url);
//# 4. 最大化窗口
this.driver.Manage().Window.Maximize();
if (this.checkIsExists(By.LinkText("账户登录")))
{
//# 判断是否登录：未登录
this.login(username, password);
}
if (this.checkIsExists(By.PartialLinkText("欢迎回来")))
{
//# 判断是否登录：已登录
LogHelper.put("登录成功，下一步开始工作了");
this.working(item_id);
}
else
{
LogHelper.put("登录失败，请设置账号密码");
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 停止运行
/// </summary>
public void stopRun()
{
//"""停止"""
try
{
this.running = false;
//# 如果驱动不为空，则关闭
//self.close_browser_nicely(self.__driver)
if (this.driver != null)
{
this.driver.Quit();
//# 关闭后切要为None，否则启动报错
this.driver = null;
}
}
catch (Exception e)
{
//print('Stop Failure')
}
finally
{
this.driver = null;
}
}
private void login(string username, string password)
{
//# 5. 点击链接跳转到登录页面
this.driver.FindElement(By.LinkText("账户登录")).Click();
//# 6. 输入账号密码
//# 判断是否加载完成
if (this.checkIsExists(By.Id("email")))
{
this.driver.FindElement(By.Id("email")).SendKeys(username);
this.driver.FindElement(By.Id("password")).SendKeys(password);
//# 7. 点击登录按钮
this.driver.FindElement(By.Id("sign-in")).Click();
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 工作状态
/// </summary>
/// <param name="item_id"></param>
private void working(string item_id)
{
while (this.running)
{
try
{
//# 正常获取信息
if (this.checkIsExists(By.Id("string")))
{
this.driver.FindElement(By.Id("string")).Clear();
this.driver.FindElement(By.Id("string")).SendKeys(item_id);
this.driver.FindElement(By.Id("string")).SendKeys(Keys.Enter);
}
//# 判断是否查询到商品
string xpath = "//div[@class=\"specialty-header search\"]/div[@class=\"specialty-description\"]/div[@class=\"gt-450\"]/span[2] ";
if (this.checkIsExists(By.XPath(xpath)))
{
int count = int.Parse(this.driver.FindElement(By.XPath(xpath)).Text);
if (count < 1)
{
Thread.Sleep(this.wait_sec);
LogHelper.put("没有查询到item id =" + item_id + "对应的信息");
continue;
}
}
else
{
Thread.Sleep(this.wait_sec);
LogHelper.put("没有查询到item id2 =" + item_id + "对应的信息");
continue;
}
//# 判断当前库存是否有货
string xpath1 = "//div[@class=\"product-list\"]/div[@class=\"product\"]/div[@class=\"price-and-detail\"]/div[@class=\"price\"]/span[@class=\"noStock\"]";
if (this.checkIsExists(By.XPath(xpath1)))
{
string txt = this.driver.FindElement(By.XPath(xpath1)).Text;
if (txt == this.no_stock)
{
//# 当前无货
Thread.Sleep(this.wait_sec);
LogHelper.put("查询一次" + item_id + "，无货");
continue;
}
}
//# 链接path1
string xpath2 = "//div[@class=\"product-list\"]/div[@class=\"product\"]/div[@class=\"imgDiv\"]/a";
//# 判断是否加载完毕
//# this.waiting((By.CLASS_NAME, "imgDiv"))
if (this.checkIsExists(By.XPath(xpath2)))
{
this.driver.FindElement(By.XPath(xpath2)).Click();
Thread.Sleep(this.wait_sec);
//# 加入购物车
if (this.checkIsExists(By.ClassName("add-to-cart")))
{
this.driver.FindElement(By.ClassName("add-to-cart")).Click();
LogHelper.put("加入购物车成功，商品item-id:" + item_id);
break;
}
else
{
LogHelper.put("未找到加入购物车按钮");
}
}
else
{
LogHelper.put("没有查询到，可能是商品编码不对，或者已下架");
}
Thread.Sleep(this.wait_sec);
}
catch (Exception e)
{
Thread.Sleep(this.wait_sec);
LogHelper.put(e);
}
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 判断是否存在
/// </summary>
/// <param name="by"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
private bool checkIsExists(By by)
{
try
{
int i = 0;
while (this.running && i < 3)
{
if (this.driver.FindElements(by).Count > 0)
{
break;
}
else
{
Thread.Sleep(this.wait_sec);
i = i + 1;
}
}
return this.driver.FindElements(by).Count > 0;
}
catch (Exception e)
{
LogHelper.put(e);
return false;
}
}
}
}
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关于日志帮助类，代码如下：
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using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using log4net;
[assembly: log4net.Config.XmlConfigurator(Watch = true)]
namespace AiSmoking.Core
{
/// <summary>
/// 日志帮助类
/// </summary>
public static class LogHelper
{
/// <summary>
/// 日志实例
/// </summary>
private static ILog logInstance = LogManager.GetLogger("smoking");
private static Queue<string> queue = new Queue<string>(2000);
public static void put(string msg)
{
queue.Enqueue(msg);
WriteLog(msg, LogLevel.Info);
}
public static void put(Exception ex)
{
WriteLog(ex.StackTrace, LogLevel.Error);
}
public static string get()
{
if (queue.Count > 0)
{
return queue.Dequeue();
}
else
{
return string.Empty;
}
}
public static void WriteLog(string message, LogLevel level)
{
switch (level)
{
case LogLevel.Debug:
logInstance.Debug(message);
break;
case LogLevel.Error:
logInstance.Error(message);
break;
case LogLevel.Fatal:
logInstance.Fatal(message);
break;
case LogLevel.Info:
logInstance.Info(message);
break;
case LogLevel.Warn:
logInstance.Warn(message);
break;
default:
logInstance.Info(message);
break;
}
}
}
public enum LogLevel
{
Debug = 0,
Error = 1,
Fatal = 2,
Info = 3,
Warn = 4
}
}
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