int compare (const basic_string& s) const;
int compare (const Ch* p) const;
int compare (size_type pos, size_type n, const basic_string& s) const;
int compare (size_type pos, size_type n, const basic_string& s,size_type pos2, size_type n2) const;
int compare (size_type pos, size_type n, const Ch* p, size_type = npos) const;
s.compare {pos,n, s2);
若参与比较的两个串值相同,则函数返回 0;若字符串 S 按字典顺序要先于 S2,则返回负值;反之,则返回正值。下面举例说明如何使用 string 类的 compare() 函数。
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main ()
{
string A ("aBcdef");
string B ("AbcdEf");
string C ("123456");
string D ("123dfg");
//下面是各种比较方法
int m=A.compare (B); //完整的A和B的比较
int n=A.compare(1,5,B,4,2); //"Bcdef"和"AbcdEf"比较
int p=A.compare(1,5,B,4,2); //"Bcdef"和"Ef"比较
int q=C.compare(0,3,D,0,3); //"123"和"123"比较
cout << "m = " << m << ", n = " << n <<", p = " << p << ", q = " << q << endl;
cin.get();
return 0;
}
程序的执行结果为:
m = 1, n = -1, p = -1, q = 0
由此可知,string 类的比较 compare() 函数使用非常方便,而且能区分字母的大小写。建议读者多使用此函数。
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
void TrueOrFalse (int x)
{
cout << (x?"True":"False")<<endl;
}
int main ()
{
string S1 = "DEF";
string CP1 = "ABC";
string CP2 = "DEF";
string CP3 = "DEFG";
string CP4 ="def";
cout << "S1= " << S1 << endl;
cout << "CP1 = " << CP1 <<endl;
cout << "CP2 = " << CP2 <<endl;
cout << "CP3 = " << CP3 <<endl;
cout << "CP4 = " << CP4 <<endl;
cout << "S1 <= CP1 returned ";
TrueOrFalse (S1 <=CP1);
cout << "S1 <= CP2 returned ";
TrueOrFalse (S1 <= CP2);
cout << "S1 <= CP3 returned ";
TrueOrFalse (S1 <= CP3);
cout << "CP1 <= S1 returned ";
TrueOrFalse (CP1 <= S1);
cout << "CP2 <= S1 returned ";
TrueOrFalse (CP2 <= S1);
cout << "CP4 <= S1 returned ";
TrueOrFalse (CP4 <= S1);
cin.get();
return 0;
}
程序运行结果为:
S1= DEF
CP1 = ABC
CP2 = DEF
CP3 = DEFG
CP4 = def
S1 <= CP1 returned False
S1 <= CP2 returned True
S1 <= CP3 returned True
CP1 <= S1 returned True
CP2 <= S1 returned True
CP4 <= S1 returned False
NULL,否则程序会异常退出。
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