class Base{
public:
Base(): m_a(0), m_b(0){ }
Base(int a, int b): m_a(a), m_b(b){ }
private:
int m_a;
int m_b;
};
int main(){
int a = 10;
int b = a; //拷贝
Base obj1(10, 20);
Base obj2 = obj1; //拷贝
return 0;
}
b 和 obj2 都是以拷贝的方式初始化的,具体来说,就是将 a 和 obj1 所在内存中的数据按照二进制位(Bit)复制到 b 和 obj2 所在的内存,这种默认的拷贝行为就是浅拷贝,这和调用 memcpy() 函数的效果非常类似。
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
using namespace std;
//变长数组类
class Array{
public:
Array(int len);
Array(const Array &arr); //拷贝构造函数
~Array();
public:
int operator[](int i) const { return m_p[i]; } //获取元素(读取)
int &operator[](int i){ return m_p[i]; } //获取元素(写入)
int length() const { return m_len; }
private:
int m_len;
int *m_p;
};
Array::Array(int len): m_len(len){
m_p = (int*)calloc( len, sizeof(int) );
}
Array::Array(const Array &arr){ //拷贝构造函数
this->m_len = arr.m_len;
this->m_p = (int*)calloc( this->m_len, sizeof(int) );
memcpy( this->m_p, arr.m_p, m_len * sizeof(int) );
}
Array::~Array(){ free(m_p); }
//打印数组元素
void printArray(const Array &arr){
int len = arr.length();
for(int i=0; i<len; i++){
if(i == len-1){
cout<<arr[i]<<endl;
}else{
cout<<arr[i]<<", ";
}
}
}
int main(){
Array arr1(10);
for(int i=0; i<10; i++){
arr1[i] = i;
}
Array arr2 = arr1;
arr2[5] = 100;
arr2[3] = 29;
printArray(arr1);
printArray(arr2);
return 0;
}
运行结果:
0, 1, 2, 29, 4, 100, 6, 7, 8, 9
0, 1, 2, 29, 4, 100, 6, 7, 8, 9
#include <iostream>
#include <ctime>
#include <windows.h> //在Linux和Mac下要换成 unistd.h 头文件
using namespace std;
class Base{
public:
Base(int a = 0, int b = 0);
Base(const Base &obj); //拷贝构造函数
public:
int getCount() const { return m_count; }
time_t getTime() const { return m_time; }
private:
int m_a;
int m_b;
time_t m_time; //对象创建时间
static int m_count; //创建过的对象的数目
};
int Base::m_count = 0;
Base::Base(int a, int b): m_a(a), m_b(b){
m_count++;
m_time = time((time_t*)NULL);
}
Base::Base(const Base &obj){ //拷贝构造函数
this->m_a = obj.m_a;
this->m_b = obj.m_b;
this->m_count++;
this->m_time = time((time_t*)NULL);
}
int main(){
Base obj1(10, 20);
cout<<"obj1: count = "<<obj1.getCount()<<", time = "<<obj1.getTime()<<endl;
Sleep(3000); //在Linux和Mac下要写作 sleep(3);
Base obj2 = obj1;
cout<<"obj2: count = "<<obj2.getCount()<<", time = "<<obj2.getTime()<<endl;
return 0;
}
运行结果:
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